The Book on Blood Money

حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْكِنْدِيُّ الْكُوفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنْ خِشْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فِي دِيَةِ الْخَطَإِ عِشْرِينَ بِنْتَ مَخَاضٍ وَعِشْرِينَ بَنِي مَخَاضٍ ذُكُورًا وَعِشْرِينَ بِنْتَ لَبُونٍ وَعِشْرِينَ جَذَعَةً وَعِشْرِينَ حِقَّةً ‏.‏ قَالَ وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو ‏.‏ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو هِشَامٍ الرِّفَاعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي زَائِدَةَ، وَأَبُو خَالِدٍ الأَحْمَرُ عَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ بْنِ أَرْطَاةَ، نَحْوَهُ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى حَدِيثُ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ لاَ نَعْرِفُهُ مَرْفُوعًا إِلاَّ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مَوْقُوفًا ‏.‏ وَقَدْ ذَهَبَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ إِلَى هَذَا وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ ‏.‏ وَقَدْ أَجْمَعَ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ عَلَى أَنَّ الدِّيَةَ تُؤْخَذُ فِي ثَلاَثِ سِنِينَ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ ثُلُثُ الدِّيَةِ وَرَأَوْا أَنَّ دِيَةَ الْخَطَإِ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ ‏.‏ وَرَأَى بَعْضُهُمْ أَنَّ الْعَاقِلَةَ قَرَابَةُ الرَّجُلِ مِنْ قِبَلِ أَبِيهِ ‏.‏ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ مَالِكٍ وَالشَّافِعِيِّ ‏.‏ وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِنَّمَا الدِّيَةُ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ دُونَ النِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ مِنَ الْعَصَبَةِ يُحَمَّلُ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ رُبُعَ دِينَارٍ ‏.‏ وَقَدْ قَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى نِصْفِ دِينَارٍ فَإِنْ تَمَّتِ الدِّيَةُ وَإِلاَّ نُظِرَ إِلَى أَقْرَبِ الْقَبَائِلِ مِنْهُمْ فَأُلْزِمُوا ذَلِكَ ‏.‏

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) judged for the accidental blood-Money: Twenty Bint Makhad, twenty make Ibn Makhad, twenty Bint Labunm twenty Jadha'ah, and twenty Hiqqah. (Another chain) with similar meaning.

"‏ مَنْ قَتَلَ مُؤْمِنًا مُتَعَمِّدًا دُفِعَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ فَإِنْ شَاءُوا قَتَلُوا وَإِنْ شَاءُوا أَخَذُوا الدِّيَةَ وَهِيَ ثَلاَثُونَ حِقَّةً وَثَلاَثُونَ جَذَعَةً وَأَرْبَعُونَ خَلِفَةً وَمَا صَالَحُوا عَلَيْهِ فَهُوَ لَهُمْ ‏"

from his father, from his grandfather that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever kills [a believer] deliberately, he is handed over to the guardians of the one killed. If they wish to, they have him killed, and if they wish to, they take the blood-money. That is thirty Hiqqah, thirty Jadha'ahs and forty pregnant camels. Whatever (amount more) they require from him, than that is for them (if they choose)." THat is because of the severity of blood-money.

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُعَاذُ بْنُ هَانِئٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ الطَّائِفِيُّ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ جَعَلَ الدِّيَةَ اثْنَىْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا ‏.‏

from Ibn 'Abbas that the Prophet (ﷺ) made the blood-money twelve thousand.

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَهُ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ فِيهِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عُيَيْنَةَ كَلاَمٌ أَكْثَرُ مِنْ هَذَا ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَلاَ نَعْلَمُ أَحَدًا يَذْكُرُ فِي هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ غَيْرَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ ‏.‏ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا الْحَدِيثِ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ ‏.‏ وَرَأَى بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ الدِّيَةَ عَشَرَةَ آلاَفٍ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ الثَّوْرِيِّ وَأَهْلِ الْكُوفَةِ ‏.‏ وَقَالَ الشَّافِعِيُّ لاَ أَعْرِفُ الدِّيَةَ إِلاَّ مِنَ الإِبِلِ وَهِيَ مِائَةٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ أَوْ قِيمَتُهَا ‏.‏

(Another chain) from 'Ikrimah from the Prophet (ﷺ) and it is similar but he did not mention "from Ibn 'Abbas" in it. There is much more criticism than this for (this) narration of Ibn 'Uyainah.

"‏ فِي الْمَوَاضِحِ خَمْسٌ خَمْسٌ ‏"

from his father, from his grandfather that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Regarding the Mawadih; five, five."

"‏ دِيَةُ الأَصَابِعِ الْيَدَيْنِ وَالرِّجْلَيْنِ سَوَاءٌ عَشْرٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ لِكُلِّ أُصْبُعٍ ‏"

that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The blood-money for the fingers on the hands and (the toes of) the feet is the same: Ten camels for each finger."

"‏ هَذِهِ وَهَذِهِ سَوَاءٌ ‏"

that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "These and these are the same." referring to the little finger and thumb.

"‏ مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يُصَابُ بِشَيْءٍ فِي جَسَدِهِ فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ إِلاَّ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ دَرَجَةً وَحَطَّ عَنْهُ بِهِ خَطِيئَةً ‏"

"A man from the Quraish broke a tooth of a man from the Ansar. So he appealed to Mu'awiyah against him. He said to Mu'awiyah: 'O Commander of the Believers! This person broke one of my teeth.' Mu'awiyah said: 'We will try to get satisfaction for you.' And the other person insisted that Mu'awiyah get him to agree [but he was not satisfied]. So Mu'awiyah said him: 'It is up to your companion.' Abu Ad-Darda' was sitting with him, so Abu Ad-Darda said: 'I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying [he said: 'My ears heard and my heart remembered]: "There is no man who is struck in his body and he forgives for it, except that Allah raises him a level and removes a sin from him.'" The Ansari said: 'Did you hear that from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)?' He said: "My ears heard it and my heart remembered it.' He said: 'Then I will leave it to him.' Mu'awiyah said: 'Surely you should not suffer.' So he ordered that he be given some wealth."

حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ خَرَجَتْ جَارِيَةٌ عَلَيْهَا أَوْضَاحٌ فَأَخَذَهَا يَهُودِيٌّ فَرَضَخَ رَأْسَهَا بِحَجَرٍ وَأَخَذَ مَا عَلَيْهَا مِنَ الْحُلِيِّ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَأُدْرِكَتْ وَبِهَا رَمَقٌ فَأُتِيَ بِهَا النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَقَالَ ‏"‏ مَنْ قَتَلَكِ أَفُلاَنٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ قَالَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا لاَ ‏.‏ قَالَ ‏"‏ فَفُلاَنٌ ‏"‏ ‏.‏ حَتَّى سُمِّيَ الْيَهُودِيُّ فَقَالَتْ بِرَأْسِهَا أَىْ نَعَمْ ‏.‏ قَالَ فَأُخِذَ فَاعْتَرَفَ فَأَمَرَ بِهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم فَرُضِخَ رَأْسُهُ بَيْنَ حَجَرَيْنِ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ ‏.‏ وَالْعَمَلُ عَلَى هَذَا عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَحْمَدَ وَإِسْحَاقَ ‏.‏ وَقَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ لاَ قَوَدَ إِلاَّ بِالسَّيْفِ ‏.‏

that a girl went out in Al-Madinah wearing some silver ornaments. A Jew grabbed her and fractured her head with a stone, and he took the jewelry she had on. He said: "She was found with some spark of life in her, and was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said: 'Did such and such person strike you?' She nodded 'no' with her head. He said: 'Such and such?' until he named the Jew and she nodded 'yes' with her head." He said: "He was brought and recognized so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ordered that his head be crushed between two stones."

"‏ لَزَوَالُ الدُّنْيَا أَهْوَنُ عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ قَتْلِ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ ‏"

that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The world ceases to exist is less significant to Allah than killing a Muslim man."