Each narration below is shown in its original Arabic alongside an English translation, with its chapter, number, and reference.
" أَلاَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ "
From his father (Ibn 'Umar) that the Prophet (ﷺ) heard 'Umar saying: "By my father, By my father!" So he said: "Verily Allah prohibits you from swearing by your father." So 'Umar said: "By Allah I did not swear by him after that, neither intentionally nor in narrating."
" إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ لِيَحْلِفْ حَالِفٌ بِاللَّهِ أَوْ لِيَسْكُتْ "
That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came across 'Umar while he was on his mount, and he was swearing by his father. So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Verily Allah prohibits you from swearing by your fathers. So let the one who swears, swear by Allah, or be silent."
حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو خَالِدٍ الأَحْمَرُ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَيْدَةَ، أَنَّ ابْنَ عُمَرَ، سَمِعَ رَجُلاً، يَقُولُ لاَ وَالْكَعْبَةِ . فَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ لاَ يُحْلَفُ بِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ " مَنْ حَلَفَ بِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَقَدْ كَفَرَ أَوْ أَشْرَكَ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ . وَفُسِّرَ هَذَا الْحَدِيثُ عِنْدَ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ أَنَّ قَوْلَهُ " فَقَدْ كَفَرَ أَوْ أَشْرَكَ " عَلَى التَّغْلِيظِ . وَالْحُجَّةُ فِي ذَلِكَ حَدِيثُ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم سَمِعَ عُمَرَ يَقُولُ وَأَبِي وَأَبِي . فَقَالَ " أَلاَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَنْهَاكُمْ أَنْ تَحْلِفُوا بِآبَائِكُمْ " . وَحَدِيثُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ قَالَ " مَنْ قَالَ فِي حَلِفِهِ وَاللاَّتِ وَالْعُزَّى فَلْيَقُلْ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى هَذَا مِثْلُ مَا رُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم أَنَّهُ قَالَ " إِنَّ الرِّيَاءَ شِرْكٌ " . وَقَدْ فَسَّرَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ هَذِهِ الآيَة : ( وَمَنْ كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلاً صَالِحًا ) الآيَةَ قَالَ لاَ يُرَائِي .
That Ibn 'Umar heard a man saying: "No by the Ka'bah" so Ibn 'Umar said: "Nothing is sworn by other than Allah, for I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Whoever swears by other than Allah, he has committed disbelief or shirk.'"
" إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَغَنِيٌّ عَنْ مَشْيِهَا مُرُوهَا فَلْتَرْكَبْ "
"A Woman vowed to walk to the House of Allah, so the Prophet (ﷺ) asked about that, and he said: 'Verily Allah is in no need of her walking, order her to ride.'"
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُوسَى، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدٌ، عَنْ ثَابِتٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، قَالَ مَرَّ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِشَيْخٍ كَبِيرٍ يَتَهَادَى بَيْنَ ابْنَيْهِ فَقَالَ " مَا بَالُ هَذَا " . قَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَذَرَ أَنْ يَمْشِيَ . قَالَ " إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لَغَنِيٌّ عَنْ تَعْذِيبِ هَذَا نَفْسَهُ " . قَالَ فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَرْكَبَ .
"The Prophet (ﷺ) passed by old man walking (while supported) between his two sons, so he said: 'What is the matter with this one?' They said: "O Messenger of Allah! He vowed to walk.' He said: 'Verily Allah [the Mighty and Sublime] is in no need of this person punishing himself.'" He said: "So he ordered him to ride."
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي عَدِيٍّ، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم رَأَى رَجُلاً فَذَكَرَ نَحْوَهُ . هَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ .
Another Chain from Anas that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saw a man, and he mentioned similarly.
" لاَ تَنْذِرُوا فَإِنَّ النَّذْرَ لاَ يُغْنِي مِنَ الْقَدَرِ شَيْئًا وَإِنَّمَا يُسْتَخْرَجُ بِهِ مِنَ الْبَخِيلِ "
That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Do not vow, for the vows does not prevent what is decreed at all, and it only causes the miser to spend (of his wealth)."
" أَوْفِ بِنَذْرِكَ "
"I said:'O Messenger of Allah! I had vowed to perform I'tikaf in Al-Masjid Al-Haram for a night during the era of Jahiliyyah.' He said: 'Fulfill your vow.''"
" لاَ وَمُقَلِّبِ الْقُلُوبِ "
From this father (Ibn Umar) who said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) often would swear with this oath: 'No! By the Changer of the Hearts.'"
" مَنْ أَعْتَقَ رَقَبَةً مُؤْمِنَةً أَعْتَقَ اللَّهُ مِنْهُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهُ عُضْوًا مِنَ النَّارِ حَتَّى يُعْتِقَ فَرْجَهُ بِفَرْجِهِ "
"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying: 'Whoever frees a believing slave, then Allah frees a limb from the Fire for each of his limbs, such that he frees his private parts in lieu of his private parts.'"