Wages (Kitab Al-Ijarah)

"‏ عُهْدَةُ الرَّقِيقِ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ ‏"

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: The contractual obligation of a slave is three days.

حَدَّثَنَا هَارُونُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ، حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، بِإِسْنَادِهِ وَمَعْنَاهُ زَادَ إِنْ وَجَدَ دَاءً فِي الثَّلاَثِ اللَّيَالِي رُدَّ بِغَيْرِ بَيِّنَةٍ وَإِنْ وَجَدَ دَاءً بَعْدَ الثَّلاَثِ كُلِّفَ الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّهُ اشْتَرَاهُ وَبِهِ هَذَا الدَّاءُ ‏.‏ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ هَذَا التَّفْسِيرُ مِنْ كَلاَمِ قَتَادَةَ ‏.‏

"If he finds defect (in the slave) within three days, he may return it without evidence; if he finds a defect after three days, he will be required to produce evidence that he (the slave) had the defect when he bought it." Abu Dawud said: This explanation is from the words of Qatadah.

"‏ الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ ‏"

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Profit follows responsibility.

"‏ الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ ‏"

I and some people were partners in a slave. I employed him on some work in the absence of one of the partners. He got earnings for me. He disputed me and the case of his claim to his share in the earnings to a judge, who ordered me to return the earnings (i.e. his share) to him. I then came to Urwah ibn az-Zubayr, and related the matter to him. Urwah then came to him and narrated to him a tradition from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the authority of Aisha: Profit follows responsibility.

"‏ الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ ‏"

A man bought a slave, and he remained with him as long as Allah wished him to remain. He then found defect in him. He brought his dispute with him to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he returned him to him. The man said: Messenger of Allah, my slave earned some wages. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) then said: Profit follows responsibility. Abu Dawud said: This chain of narrators (of this version) is not reliable.

"‏ إِذَا اخْتَلَفَ الْبَيِّعَانِ وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ فَهُوَ مَا يَقُولُ رَبُّ السِّلْعَةِ أَوْ يَتَتَارَكَانِ ‏"

Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath said: Al-Ash'ath bought slaves of booty from Abdullah ibn Mas'ud for twenty thousand (dirhams. Abdullah asked him for payment of their price. He said: I bought them for ten thousand (dirhams). Abdullah said: Appoint a man who may adjudicate between me and you. Al-Ash'ath said: (I appoint) you between me and yourself. Abdullah said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: If both parties in a business transaction differ (on the price of an article), and they have witness between them, the statement of the owner of the article will be accepted (as correct) or they may annul the transaction.

حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ النُّفَيْلِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى، أَنَّ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، أَنَّ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، بَاعَ مِنَ الأَشْعَثِ بْنِ قَيْسٍ رَقِيقًا فَذَكَرَ مَعْنَاهُ وَالْكَلاَمُ يَزِيدُ وَيَنْقُصُ ‏.‏

Ibn Mas'ud sold slaves to al-Ash'ath b. Qais. He then narrated the rest of the tradition to the same effect with some variation of words.

"‏ الشُّفْعَةُ فِي كُلِّ شِرْكٍ رَبْعَةٍ أَوْ حَائِطٍ لاَ يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ حَتَّى يُؤْذِنَ شَرِيكَهُ فَإِنْ بَاعَ فَهُوَ أَحَقُّ بِهِ حَتَّى يُؤْذِنَهُ ‏"

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying: There is the right of option regarding everything which is shared, whether a dwelling or a garden. It is not lawful to sell before informing one's partner, but if he sells without informing him, he has the greatest right to it.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، حَدَّثَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم الشُّفْعَةَ فِي كُلِّ مَالٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلاَ شُفْعَةَ ‏.‏

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) decreed the right to buy the neighboring property applicable to everything which is not divided, but when boundaries are fixed and separate roads made, there is no option.

"‏ إِذَا قُسِّمَتِ الأَرْضُ وَحُدَّتْ فَلاَ شُفْعَةَ فِيهَا ‏"

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: When land has been divided and boundaries have been set up, there is no right of pre-emption in it.