Each narration below is shown in its original Arabic alongside an English translation, with its chapter, number, and reference.
أَخْبَرَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ آدَمَ، عَنْ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنِ الأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنِ الأَسْوَدِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، قَالَتِ اشْتَرَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِنْ يَهُودِيٍّ طَعَامًا إِلَى أَجَلٍ وَرَهَنَهُ دِرْعَهُ .
"The Messenger of Allah bought some food from a Jew with payment to be made later, and he put his shield in pledge for that."
أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا خَالِدٌ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا هِشَامٌ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ مَشَى إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم بِخُبْزِ شَعِيرٍ وَإِهَالَةٍ سَنِخَةٍ . قَالَ وَلَقَدْ رَهَنَ دِرْعًا لَهُ عِنْدَ يَهُودِيٍّ بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ شَعِيرًا لأَهْلِهِ .
"He put his armor in pledge for that with a Jew in Al-Madinah, and he took some barley from him for his family.
" لاَ يَحِلُّ سَلَفٌ وَبَيْعٌ وَلاَ شَرْطَانِ فِي بَيْعٍ وَلاَ بَيْعُ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ "
that the Messenger of Allah said: "It is not permissible to lend on the condition of a sale, or to have two conditions in one transaction, or to sell what you do not have." (Sahih
" لَيْسَ عَلَى رَجُلٍ بَيْعٌ فِيمَا لاَ يَمْلِكُ "
"The Messenger of Allah said: 'No man is bound by a transaction involving the sale of something that he does not possess.'''
" لاَ تَبِعْ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ "
"I asked the Prophet "O Messenger of Allah, a man may come to me and ask me to sell him something that I do not have. Can I sell it to him then go and buy it from the market?' He said: 'Do not sell what you do not have.'''
أَخْبَرَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي الْمُجَالِدِ، قَالَ سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ أَبِي أَوْفَى عَنِ السَّلَفِ، قَالَ كُنَّا نُسْلِفُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ فِي الْبُرِّ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَالتَّمْرِ إِلَى قَوْمٍ لاَ أَدْرِي أَعِنْدَهُمْ أَمْ لاَ . وَابْنُ أَبْزَى قَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ .
'We used to pay in advance during the time of the Messenger of Allah and Abu Bakr and 'Umar, for wheat, barley and dates, paying people whom we did not know if they had those things or not.'''Ibn Abza said meaning, similarly.
أَخْبَرَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلاَنَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ، قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الْمُجَالِدِ، - وَقَالَ مَرَّةً عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَقَالَ مَرَّةً مُحَمَّدٌ - قَالَ تَمَارَى أَبُو بُرْدَةَ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ شَدَّادٍ فِي السَّلَمِ فَأَرْسَلُونِي إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى فَسَأَلْتُهُ فَقَالَ كُنَّا نُسْلِمُ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَعَلَى عَهْدِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعَلَى عَهْدِ عُمَرَ فِي الْبُرِّ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَالزَّبِيبِ وَالتَّمْرِ إِلَى قَوْمٍ مَا نُرَى عِنْدَهُمْ . وَسَأَلْتُ ابْنَ أَبْزَى فَقَالَ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ .
"Abu Burdah and 'Abdullah bin Shaddad argued about payment in advance. They sent me to Ibn Abi Awfa and I asked him (about that). He said: 'We used to pay in advance during the time of the Messenger of Allah and Abu Bakr and 'Umar, for wheat, barley, raisins and dates, paying people whom we did not see it with them." And I asked Ibn Abza and he said something similar to that.
" مَنْ أَسْلَفَ سَلَفًا فَلْيُسْلِفْ فِي كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَوَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ "
"I heard Ibn 'Abbas say: 'When the Prophet came (to al-Madinah), they used to pay in advance for dates, two or three years in advance. He forbade them that and said: 'whoever pays in advance for dates, let him pay for a known amount or a known weight, to be delivered at a known time'''
أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم اسْتَسْلَفَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَكْرًا فَأَتَاهُ يَتَقَاضَاهُ بَكْرَهُ فَقَالَ لِرَجُلٍ " انْطَلِقْ فَابْتَعْ لَهُ بَكْرًا " . فَأَتَاهُ فَقَالَ مَا أَصَبْتُ إِلاَّ بَكْرًا رَبَاعِيًّا خِيَارًا . فَقَالَ " أَعْطِهِ فَإِنَّ خَيْرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَحْسَنُهُمْ قَضَاءً " .
"Go and buy a young camel for him." He came and said: "I could only get a Raba camel of good quality." He said: "Give it to him, for the best of the Muslims is the one who is best in repaying."
أَخْبَرَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ كُهَيْلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، قَالَ كَانَ لِرَجُلٍ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم سِنٌّ مِنَ الإِبِلِ فَجَاءَ يَتَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ " أَعْطُوهُ " . فَلَمْ يَجِدُوا إِلاَّ سِنًّا فَوْقَ سِنِّهِ قَالَ " أَعْطُوهُ " . فَقَالَ أَوْفَيْتَنِي . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " إِنَّ خِيَارَكُمْ أَحْسَنُكُمْ قَضَاءً " .
"A man had lent a camel of a certain age to the Prophet and he came to get it back. He said: "Give it to him" But they could only find a camel that was older than it. He said: "Give it to him." He said: "You have repaid me well," The Messenger of Allah said; "The best of you is the one who is best in repaying"